Operating Modes of a Dual-User PV-Storage System with Three DEYE 16kW Hybrid Inverters and EMS-Based Cross-User Energy D

1. Normal operating mode for User 1
The photovoltaic panels have a rated power of 460 W and an open-circuit voltage of 36.4 V. With 12 panels connected in series, the total voltage is 36.4 × 12 = 436.8 V. Since the inverter’s maximum input voltage is 500 V, the system configuration is appropriate. The array is divided into four strings, each connected to the inverter’s PV input terminals.

For USER1’s photovoltaic string, the EMS controls KM1 and KM3 to close, supplying power to the load via INVERTER01. Excess energy charges the battery, and any remaining surplus is sold back to the grid, up to a maximum of 5 kW.

2. Normal operating mode for User 2
The photovoltaic panels have a rated power of 460 W and an open-circuit voltage of 36.4 V. With 12 panels connected in series, the total voltage is 36.4 × 12 = 436.8 V. Since the inverter’s maximum input voltage is 500 V, the configuration is appropriate. The system is divided into seven strings—four in one group and three in another—and each group is connected to the PV input of two separate inverters.

For USER2 photovoltaic string, the EMS controls KM6 to close, supplying power to the load via INVERTER002 (the main inverter) and INVERTER03 (the slave inverter). Any excess energy is used to charge the battery, with surplus electricity then sold back to the grid at a maximum of 5 kW.

3. EMS Operations
EMS establishes communication links with only three inverters, enabling real-time acquisition of core operational data and status monitoring, while the system maintains its conventional standalone operating mode.

Inter-User Energy Scheduling Trigger Conditions
EMS collects real-time operational data from the loads of both sides; when both of the following two criteria are met, it automatically triggers the cross‑user energy dispatch logic:

      User 1 side: During daytime hours, the electrical load power is significantly high, and the on-site photovoltaic generation capacity cannot meet the current load shortfall.
      User side 2: At the same time, its own electricity load power is at a low level, leaving surplus generation capacity.
Scheduling Execution and Parameter Configuration Process
The EMS issues a control command to open contactor KM6 and simultaneously close contactor KM5, connecting the PV1 and PV2 string outputs of User 2 to the PV input terminals of User 1’s inverter. Once connected, User 1’s inverter will supply power to the load at the maximum available photovoltaic input power, with any excess electricity being used to charge the battery.

Steady-State Energy Flow After Dispatch
The electrical energy from the user’s two-side photovoltaic strings, PV1 and PV2, is first converted into 220V AC by the user’s INVERTER1, then supplied to the user’s inverter output LOAD. Any excess power is converted into 48V DC and stored in the battery.

4.When it is detected that User 2 has high daytime electricity consumption while photovoltaic generation is low, and at the same time User 1 has low electricity consumption, the EMS controls KM1 and KM3 to disconnect one of them (if User 1 does not consume any electricity at all, both can be disconnected), while simultaneously closing KM2 and KM4 (with KM1 corresponding to KM3 and KM2 corresponding to KM4).